정의 B. C. D.

B.

BALKED LANDING

— A landing manoeuvre that is unexpectedly discontinued below DA(H)/ MDA(H) or beyond MAP.

BASE TURN

— A turn executed by the aircraft during the initial approach between the end of the outbound track and the beginning of the intermediate or final approach track. The tracks are not reciprocal. NOTE: Base turns may be designated as being made either in level flight or while descending, according to the circumstances of each individual procedure.

BLIND TRANSMISSION

— A transmission from one station to another station in circumstances where two-way communication cannot be established but where it is believed that the called sta tion is able to receive the transmission.

BRAKING ACTION (GOOD, FAIR, POOR, NIL)

— A report of conditions on the airport move ment area providing a pilot with a degree/quality of braking that might be expected. Braking action is reported in terms of good, fair, poor, or nil.

BRIEFING

— Oral commentary on existing and/or expected conditions. BROADCAST — A transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or stations.

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C.

CARDINAL ALTITUDES OR FLIGHT LEVELS

— “Odd” or “Even” thousand-foot altitudes or flight levels; e.g., 5000, 6000, 7000, FL60, FL250, FL260, FL270.

CATCH POINT

— A fix/waypoint that serves as a transition point from the high altitude waypoint navigation structure to the low altitude structure or an arrival procedure (STAR).

CEILING (ICAO)

— The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6000m (20,000ft) covering more than half the sky.

CEILING (USA)

— The height above the earth's surface of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena that is reported as “broken”, “overcast”, or “obscuration”, and not classified as “thin”, or “partial”.

CHANGE-OVER POINT

— The point at which an aircraft navigating on an ATS route segment defined by reference to very high frequency omnidirectional radio ranges is expected to transfer its primary navigational reference from the facility behind the aircraft to the next facility ahead of the aircraft.

NOTE: Change-over points are established to provide the optimum balance in respect of signal strength and quality between facilities at all levels to be used and to ensure a common source of azimuth guidance for all aircraft operating along the same portion of a route segment.

CHART CHANGE NOTICES

— Jeppesen Chart Change Notices include significant information changes affecting Enroute, Area, and Terminal charts. Entries are published until the temporary condition no longer exists, or until the permanent change appears on revised charts. Enroute chart numbers/panel numbers/letters and area chart identifiers are included for each entry in the enroute portion of the Chart Change Notices. To avoid duplication of information in combined Enroute and Terminal Chart Change Notices, navaid conditions, except for ILS components, are listed only in the Enroute portion of the Chart Change Notices. All times are local unless otherwise indicated. Vertical bars indicate new or revised information. Chart Change Notices are only an abbreviated service. Always ask for pertinent NOTAMs prior to flight.

CIRCLING APPROACH / CIRCLE-TO-LAND MANEUVER

— An extension of an instrument approach procedure which provides for visual circling of the aerodrome prior to landing.

CLEARANCE LIMIT

— The point to which an aircraft is granted an air traffic control clearance.

CLEARWAY

— An area beyond the take-off runway under the control of airport authorities within which terrain or fixed obstacles may not extend above specified limits. These areas may be required for certain turbine-powered operations and the size and upward slope of the clearway will differ depending on when the aircraft was certified.

CLOUD OF OPERATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

— A cloud with the height of cloud base below 5000ft (1500m) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, or a cumulo nimbus cloud or a towering cumulus cloud at any height.

CODE (SSR CODE)

— The number assigned to a particular multiple pulse reply signal transmit ted by a transponder in Mode A or Mode C.

COMMON TRAFFIC ADVISORY FREQUENCY (CTAF) (USA)

— A frequency designed for the purpose of carrying out airport advisory practices while operating to or from an uncontrolled air port. The CTAF may be a UNICOM, Multicom, FSS, or tower frequency.

COMMUNITY AERODROME RADIO STATION (CARS)

— An aerodrome radio that provides weather, field conditions, accepts flight plans and position reports.

COMPULSORY REPORTING POINTS

— Reporting points which must be reported to ATC. They are designated on aeronautical charts by solid triangles or filed in a flight plan as fixes selected to define direct routes. These points are geographical locations which are defined by navigation aids/fixes. Pilots should discontinue position reporting over compulsory reporting points when informed by ATC that their aircraft is in “radar contact.”

COMPUTER

— A device which performs sequences of arithmetical and logical steps upon data without human intervention.

NOTE: When the word “computer” is used in this document it may denote a computer complex, which includes one or more computers and peripheral equipment.

CONDITIONAL ROUTES (CDR) (Europe)

— Category 1,2,3.

Category 1: Permanently plannable CDR during designated times. 

Category 2: Plannable only during times designated in the Conditional Route Avail ability Message (CRAM) published at 1500 for the 24 hour period start ing at 0600 the next day.

Category 3: Not plannable. Usable only when directed by ATC.

CONTROL AREA (ICAO)

— A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth.

CONTROLLED AERODROME

— An aerodrome at which air traffic control service is provided to aerodrome traffic. NOTE: The term “controlled aerodrome” indicates that air traffic control service is provided to aer odrome traffic but does not necessarily imply that a control zone exists.

CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

— An airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification. NOTE: Controlled airspace is a generic term which covers ATS airspace Classes “A”, “B”, “C”, “D”, and “E”.

CONTROLLED FIRING AREA (USA)

— [see SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE (SUA)].

CONTROLLED FLIGHT

— Any flight which is subject to an air traffic control clearance.

CONTROLLER-PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS (CPDLC)

— A means of communica tion between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC communications.

CONTROL ZONE (CTR) (ICAO)

— A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit.

COURSE

— a. The intended direction of flight in the horizontal plane measured in degrees from north.

—  b. The ILS localizer signal pattern usually specified as front course or back course.

—  c. The intended track along a straight, curved, or segmented MLS path.

CRITICAL HEIGHT

— Lowest height in relation to an aerodrome specified level below which an approach procedure cannot be continued in a safe manner solely by the aid of instruments.

CRUISE CLIMB

— An aeroplane cruising technique resulting in a net increase in altitude as the aeroplane mass decreases.

CRUISING LEVEL

— A level maintained during a significant portion of a flight.

CURRENT FLIGHT PLAN (CPL)

— The flight plan, including changes, if any, brought about by subsequent clearances.

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D.

DANGER AREA (ICAO)

— [see SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE (SUA)]. DATA CONVENTION — An agreed set of rules governing the manner or sequence in which a set of data may be combined into a meaningful communication.

DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS

— A form of communication intended for the exchange of mes sages via a data link.

DATA LINK INITIATION CAPABILITY (DLIC)

— A data link application that provides the ability to exchange addresses, names and version numbers necessary to initiate data link applications.

DEAD RECKONING (DR) NAVIGATION

— The estimating or determining of position by advanc ing an earlier known position by the application of direction, time and speed data.

DECISION ALTITUDE (DA) or DECISION HEIGHT (DH) (ICAO)

— A specified altitude or height in the precision approach or approach with vertical guidance at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established.

NOTE:

a. Decision altitude (DA) is referenced to mean sea level (MSL) and decision height (DH) is ref erenced to the threshold elevation.

b. The required visual reference means that section of the visual aids or of the approach area which should have been in view for sufficient time for the pilot to have made an assessment of the aircraft position and rate of change of position, in relation to the desired flight path. In Category III operations with a decision height the required visual reference is that specified for the particular procedure and operation.

c. For convenience where both expressions are used they may be written in the form “decision altitude/height” and abbreviated “DA/H.”

DECISION ALTITUDE/HEIGHT (DA/H) (FAA) — Is a specified altitude/height in an instrument approach procedure at which the pilot must decide whether to initiate an immediate missed approach if the pilot does not see the required visual reference, or to continue the approach. Deci sion altitude/height is expressed in feet above mean sea level/ground level.

NOTE: Jeppesen approach charts use the abbreviation DA(H). The decision altitude “DA” is refer enced to mean sea level (MSL) and the parenthetical decision height (DH) is referenced to the TDZE or threshold elevation. A DA(H) of 1440ft (200ft is a Decision Altitude of 1440ft and a Deci sion Height of 200ft.

DEPARTURE CLEARANCE VIA DATA LINK (DCL)

— Provides assistance for requesting and delivering information and clearance, with the objective of reducing aircrew and controller work load. The DCL service shall be initiated by the aircrew at a suitable time between Ti and Tt where: Ti Tt the earliest time at which a DCL service can be initiated; the latest time after which an aircrew, having not completed the DCL service, is still able to receive by voice procedures and in due time, the vocal departure clearance. The third time parameter of the DCL acknowledge procedure is T1 where: T1 timer implemented in the ATS ground system between the sending by ATS ground system of the DCL clearance message and the reception by it of the read-back of DCL clearance message.

DEPENDENT PARALLEL APPROACHES

— Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-paral lel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are prescribed.

DETRESFA

— The code word used to designate a distress phase.

DIRECT ROUTE -

— A requested route published on a Jeppesen Enroute or Area chart to assist pilots who have previous knowledge of acceptance of these routes by ATC. Use of a Direct route may require prior ATC approval and may not provide ATC or Advisory services, or be acceptable in flight plans.

DISCRETE CODE

— A four-digit SSR Code with the last two digits not being “00.”

DISPLACED THRESHOLD

— A threshold that is located at a point on the runway other than the designated beginning of the runway.

DISTRESS

— A condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance.

DISTRESS PHASE

— A situation wherein there is a reasonable certainty that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger or require immediate assistance.

DME DISTANCE

— The line of sight distance (slant range) from the source of a DME signal to the receiving antenna.