PLT2427

24.5 Aircraft Observations and Reports There are three kinds of aircraft observations: PIREPs, Aircraft Reports (AIREP), and Volcanic Activity Reports (VAR).Both PIREPs and AIREPS have two types:• Routine PIREPs and Urgent PIREPs.• Routine AIREPs and Special AIREPs. PIREPs are reported by the pilot (or aircrew), while AIREPs can either be reported by the pilot or generated from sensors onboard t..

24.4.3.13.5 Wind Shift Wind shift is coded in the following format: the remark identifier WSHFT, followed by the time the wind shift began. The contraction FROPA is entered following the time if there is reasonable data to consider the wind shift was the result of a frontal passage. A space is between the remark identifier and the time and, if applicable, between the time and the frontal passage..

17.2.1 Convective Turbulence. Convective turbulence is turbulent vertical motions that result from convective currents and the subsequent rising and sinking of air. For every rising current, there is a compensating downward current. The downward currents frequently occur over broader areas than do the upward currents; therefore, they have a slower vertical speed than do the rising currents.Conve..

8−1−8. Judgment Aspects of Collision Avoidance a. Introduction. The most important aspects of vision and the techniques to scan for other aircraft are described in paragraph 8−1−6, Vision in Flight. Pilots should also be familiar with the following information to reduce the possibility of mid-air collisions.b. Determining Relative Altitude. Use the horizon as a reference point. If the other airc..